Upper Extremity Joint Dynamics and Electromyography (emg) during Standard and Geared Manual Wheelchair Propulsion

Wheelchairs are the primary mobility device for individuals having difficulty with ambulatory activities [1]. In the U.S. it is estimated that 3.3 million people used a wheelchair in 2010 [2], of which 90% used manual wheelchairs (MWs) [3]. However, MWs often lead to reduced independent function and quality of life [4]. Furthermore, shoulder pain and injuries are commonly associated with MW propulsion [5]. Geared manual wheelchairs (GMWs) may be a promising alternative that reduces the biomechanical demands of the shoulder needed for MW propulsion while maximizing function. However, there is limited scientific evidence supporting the benefits of GMW mobility. The purpose of this study is to compare the glenohumeral (GH) joint dynamics and shoulder flexors electromyography (EMG) during geared and standard MW propulsion. It is hypothesized that using GMWs will decrease glenohumeral joint range of motion and shoulder muscle activity.